Many people exercise regularly, and we are not just referring to high-performance athletes, but also to those who run about 10 kilometers a couple or three times a week, for example. Many of them do this without the supervision of
a physiotherapist specialized in sports physiotherapy and are unaware of the possible consequences.
Exercise has many benefits for the body in preventing various diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, or high blood pressure. It also protects our musculoskeletal system, reduces stress and insomnia, and helps increase self-esteem. Sports exercise also has a downside: injuries. Injuries, to a greater or lesser extent, mean that the athlete must avoid certain types of exercise for a period of time. Therefore, it is important to implement a good prevention program during training. We need to anticipate injuries and, if they occur, return to sports practice as soon as possible.
Types of causes of injuries
-There are different factors that can cause or increase
the likelihood of injury. We can divide these factors into three groups: predisposing, extrinsic, and precipitating.
-Predisposing factors are physical characteristics of the athlete, such as poor preparation, lack of stretching and warm-up, fatigue, or poor nutrition.
-Extrinsic factors are external to the athlete, such as the equipment used for the sport or the sport's own characteristics.
-Precipitating factors can be trauma, poor movements performed, or overexertion before, during, or after exercise.
Types of injuries
-Regarding types of injuries, they can be classified into three main groups: muscle injuries, joint injuries, and tendon injuries.
-Muscle injuries are the most common among athletes; most of the time, the athlete will have previously experienced muscle alterations such as delayed onset muscle soreness, cramps, contractures, or overloads.
-There are three types of muscle injuries, from least to most severe: muscle strain or elongation, fiber rupture, and total rupture.
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Another type of injury is joint injuries, which we can group into two main categories: capsulitis or arthritis, inflammation of the joint or the capsule that surrounds it, and dislocations, loss of contact between two bones of the same joint.
-The last type of injury we find are tendon injuries, which can be tendinopathies or ruptures. The latter are rare as they affect all the fibers of the same tendon. All athletes should be very aware of the importance of injury prevention as well as proper rehabilitation if they have suffered an injury. It is good to visit a sports physiotherapist, as they not only treat injuries but also play an important role in preventive work and readaptation.
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